Chair and Professor-Opheim. Professors-Balanoff, Cardenas, Jr., Gorman, Kens, Shields, Stouffer, Sullivan, Weinberger. Associate Professors-Brittain, DeSoto, Garofalo, Grasso, Hardin, Hindson, Hofer, Leder. Assistant Professors-Burns, Hull, Mihalkanin, Robertson, Rodriguez, Wright. Lecturers-Chapman, Parent, Tajalli.

Political science is the study of government-the most important decision-making part of society-and of the social, economic, and other institutions and practices that influence this decision-making process. On the one hand, it is a discipline that can trace its roots to the ancient Greek political community, the polis; but it is also a modern social science which uses techniques such as content analysis, public opinion surveys, and statistical analysis to create and evaluate generalizations about how government and people behave.

As a liberal arts discipline, the department is dedicated to developing analytical skills and promoting critical thinking. Students are encouraged to reflect not simply on their career goals, but also on what type of persons they want to become, and on their rights and duties as citizens. The department offers students the opportunity to earn up to six credit hours in an internship program in which students gain practical experience by working for various federal, state, local or non-profit community agencies.

Political science prepares students for careers in various fields, not only in government, law, and education but also in business, journalism, urban planning, and many fields on which public policies have a significant effect.

For further information, call 245-2143 or visit the department in LA 266.

Major in Political Science

All political science majors must take a minimum of 30 hours in political science, including three hours selected from Political Science 1308 or 1309. Political Science 1308 or 1309 each serves as the prerequisite course for all advanced courses in political science. For BA political science majors, this minimum must include the required senior seminar (Political Science 4399). Prerequisites for Political Science 4398 and 4399 are at least 21 hours of Political Science.

Political Science majors must take at least one advanced course in four of the five groups listed below.

1. Political Theory and Methodology
2. American Government
3. Public Law and Public Administration
4. Comparative Politics
5. International Relations

Public Administration. The Political Science major with a concentration in public administration requires 36 semester hours of political science. Students choosing this concentration are required to take the following courses, making sure they meet the other requirements for the BA degree.

1. Political Science 1309, 2310, 3314 or 3319, 3316, 3318, 3320, 3328, 3377, 4322, 4357, 4361, and 4380.
2. Political Science majors with this concentration will determine their minor in consultation with their advisor.

Minor in Political Science

Minors must take a total of 24 hours, including Political Science 1308 or 1309, and at least one advanced course in four of the five groups of courses listed above.

Minor in Political Communication

Minors take a total of 12 hours of Political Science and 12 hours of Speech Communication. This minor is administered by the Department of Speech Communication in the School of Fine Arts and Communication. See p. 243 for more information.

Notes:

1. The political science major requires 30 semester hours; the minor, 24 hours.

2. Political science majors are required to take 12 semester hours of History, Economics 2310 and 2320 and any three hours from the following courses: Anthropology 1312 or 3301, Geography 1310, Psychology 1300, Sociology 1310 or 3300.

3. A teaching certificate is available with this degree plan. The certificate requires the 18 hours of education courses and Reading 3323.

4. See section of catalog stating requirements for a BA degree.

5. Students must complete at least 18 advanced hours in Political Science.

Freshman Year	Hours
Communication 1310	3
English 1310, 1320	6
General Studies 1100	1
History 1310, 1320	6
Mathematics 1315 or higher	3
Modern Languages 1410, 1420	8
Phy. Fitness Perspective (2 courses)	2
Political Science 1308 or 1309	3
	32
Sophomore Year	Hours
English (Literature**)	6
History 2310, 2320	6
Modern Language 2310, 2320	6
Natural Science Perspective	7-8
Political Science 2310, 2320
(or one course from Group II) ***	6
	31-32
Junior Year	Hours
Anthropology 1312 or 3301,
Geography 1310, Psychology 1300,
or Sociology 1310 or 3300	3
Art, Dance, Music, or Theatre 3313	3
Economics 2310, 2320	6
Minor	3-6
Philosophy 1305	3
Political Science, advanced	6-9
Electives	9
	33-39
Senior Year	Hours
Political Science, advanced	9-12
Minor and/or elective	15-17
Political Science 4399 Capstone Course	3
BA Science Requirement	3
	30-33

Note:

The Political Science major with teaching certification consists of 30-33 semester hours, with an additional 18 semester hours of Education courses and Reading 3323. A second teaching field is optional. If political science is selected as a single teaching field, a minimum of 36 hours is required in the major.

Freshman Year	Hours
Communication 1310	3
English 1310, 1320	6
General Studies 1100	1
History 1310, 1320	6
Mathematics 1315 or higher	3
Modern Languages 1410, 1420	8
Phy. Fitness Perspective (2 courses)	2
Political Science 1308 or 1309	3
	32
Sophomore Year	Hours
English (Literature**)	6
History 2310, 2320	6
Modern Language 2310, 2320	6
Natural Science Perspective	7-8
Political Science 2310, 2320
(or one course from Group II) ***	6
	31-32
Junior Year	Hours
Anthropology 1312 or 3301,
Geography 1310, Psychology 1300,
Sociology 1310 or 3300	3
Art, Dance, Music, or Theatre 3313	3
Curriculum and Instruction 3310,
3325, 4332	9
Economics 2310, 2320	6
Secondary Teaching Field	3-6
Philosophy 1305	3
Political Science,	6-9
	33-39
Senior Year Hours
Curriculum and Instruction 4343	3
Education 4681	6
Political Science, advanced	9-12
Political Science 4398 (Capstone Course)	3
Reading 3323	3
Second Teaching Field	12
	33-39

*18 hours must be selected from writing intensive (WI) courses.
**See literary perspective courses in General Studies section of this catalog.
***Students who take a course from Group II to satisfy the POSI 2320 requirement are recommended to take POSI 2323.

Courses in Political Science (POSI)

Lower Level Courses

(WI) 1308 Basic Political Ideas. (3-0) Introduction to the fundamental ideas of the Western political tradition including conservatism, liberalism, socialism, democracy, and totalitarianism. These may include some portion or all of certain politically significant works of such political thinkers as Thucydides, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Edmund Burke, and others. This course (or 1309) is required of all majors and minors in Political Science, and it serves as a prerequisite for advanced courses in Political Science.

(WI) 1309 (GOVT 2304) Introduction to Political Science. (3-0) An introduction to the study of political institutions emphasizing the fundamentals of political science research and analysis, the tools used by social scientists in bibliographical research, and basic methods of locating and presenting data for comparing political institutions. This course (or 1308) is required of all majors and minors in political science. It is especially recommended for students concentrating in Government Administration and Planning and serves as a prerequisite for advanced courses in the department.

2310 (GOVT 2301) Principles of American Government. (3-0) A survey of the principles of political science, of the American system of government, and of the origins and development of the constitutions of the United States and Texas. Satisfies the legislative requirements for teacher certification.

2320 (GOVT 2302) Functions of American Government. (3-0) A study of functions performed in the American system of government, both national and state, with special reference to Texas. Prerequisite: Political Science 2310 or equivalent.

2323 Introduction to International Studies. (3-0) Required of all majors and minors in International Studies. This "core seminar" identifies critical interdisciplinary questions which will be examined in all courses in the International Studies Program.

Group I-Political Theory and Methodology

(WI) 3331 American Political Theory. (3-0) The development of American political ideas from the colonial period to the present.

(WI) 3332 Ancient and Medieval Political Thought (Greeks to 1600). (3-0) A study of the masters of classical and medieval political theory from Plato to Machiavelli.

(WI) 3333 Modern Political Theory (1600-1900). (3-0) The development of modern political ideas; the meaning and relationships of the significant ideologies of our time; democracy, capitalism, the welfare state, socialism, fascism, and totalitarian communism.

3334 Contemporary Political Theory. (3-0) A study of selected theories, ideologies, and movements in 20th century political theory.

3377 Analytical Techniques. (3-0) An examination of basic scientific methods, to include problems of definition, concept formation, hypothesis testing, explanation and prediction, and theory construction. Course will discuss elementary descriptive statistics, statistical inference, and correlation and regression analysis as applied to problems in political science/public administration. Prerequisites: Political Science 1309 and 2310.

(WI) 4335 Politics and Personality. (3-0) An introduction to the relationship between political behavior and human motivation. Topics include psychological perspectives and political theory; personality and political orientation; the political personality, and the politically relevant insights into these areas offered by fiction.

Group II-American Government

3305 The American Founding. (3-0) An examination of the origins, nature, and foundations of the American Constitutional system with special emphasis on the Federalist/Anti-federalist debates and the writing of the constitution.

3306 Religion and American Public Life. (3-0) An examination of the ways in which religious beliefs and groups have influenced the course of American democratic experience; and the on going debates in constitutional law and democratic theory regarding the proper role of religion in American public life.

(WI) 3307 Parties and Party Politics. (3-0) The American political system, including its history and organization, suffrage, nominations and elections, campaigns, and the related areas of public opinion and pressure group activities.

(WI) 3308 Congress and the Legislative Process. (3-0) The dynamics of lawmaking and legislative politics in the United States. The structure, party organization, rules of procedure, and actual operation of the Congress and of selected state legislatures (including Texas) are analyzed, compared, and evaluated.

(WI) 3309 The American Presidency. (3-0) A comprehensive examination of both the presidency and the men who have held it.

(WI) 3314 State and Local Government. (3-0) A study of the organization, functions, and powers of state, county, and municipal government in the United States with particular reference to patterns of such governments in Texas.

(WI) 3319 Metropolitan Politics. (3-0) An examination of the political institutions and processes of urban and suburban America, including such topics as urban sprawl, reform movements, ethnic politics, and city-county consolidation.

(WI) 3395 Ethnicity and Nation Building. (3-0) This course serves as an introduction to the politics of ethnic and gender issues and organizations and introduces the student to basic concepts involved in dealing with the diversity that is the American nation.

4301 Politics in Film. (3-0) This course will expose the students to films which explicitly address political issues such as racism in the United States, the conflict between public duty and private conscience, and politics and media manipulation, and the role of perception in all the actions people take.

(WI) 4320 Issues and Interest Groups: Power and Pressure in America. (3-0) An examination of selected issues at the state and national level and the interest groups which attempt to influence governmental decisions about them. The goal of the course is to promote a better understanding of the process of government and an informed opinion on the question, "Is there a Public Interest?" Prerequisite: Political Science 2310.

(WI) 4330 Women in Politics. (3-0) A study of the role of women in political life. The course will examine women's influence on politics as well as how various public policies affect women. Topics may include feminism, electoral politics, political representation, and the internal politics of women's groups.

(WI) *4331 Minority Politics. (3-0) This course examines and analyzes the political participation of American minorities (Blacks, Hispanics, women, and other minorities) in the American political system and the impact of various public policies on minority groups. The course will emphasize the following topics: electoral participation; public policy participation, representation and implementation; protest politics; and political behavior. Some reference will be to Texas and the Southwest.

(WI) 4345 American Foreign Policy. (3-0) This course focuses on how foreign policy is made. The major institutions involved in the decision-making process as well as the ideological setting in which they function are examined. Topics studied include the foreign policy roles of Congress, Interest Groups, the State Department and the Secretary of State, the Military Establishment, the Intelligence Community, the Presidency, and Public Opinion. Specific foreign policy decisions will be examined to illustrate the various roles of these institutions in the decision-making process.

**4362   Government and American Business. (3-0) An overview of the relationship of American business to public policy as a whole. Focus is on several factors affecting the relationship between the public and private sectors including political ideology and culture, pluralism, political party development, political business cycles, monetary policy, and the domestic economy and political accountability.

Group III-Public Law and Public Administration

3310 Constitutional Law: Basic Structures and Principles. (3-0) A case study approach to an analysis of fundamental principles of governmental structure with an emphasis on the office and powers of the President and inter-governmental relationships in the main body (Articles I through VII) of the U.S. Constitution.

3311 Constitutional Law: Individual Liberties. (3-0) An examination of that area of Constitutional interpretation commonly known as Civil Liberties or the relations between the individual and the government. (May be used to satisfy Group II requirements.)

3312 Constitutional Law: Civil Rights. (3-0) A thorough and rigorous analysis of the development of Civil Rights in the United States including Congressional statutes, constitutional amendments, and decisions of the Supreme Court. (May be used to satisfy Group II requirements.)

(WI) 3316 Introduction to Public Policy Analysis. (3-0) The organization and management of the machinery for executing public policies, with particular emphasis upon the Federal bureaucracy.

(WI) 3318 Public Personnel Administration. (3-0) A study of public personnel systems in the United States with major concentrations on the national civil service system. Special emphasis is given to current research in the areas of leadership, informal organization, motivation, and small group theory.

(WI) 3320 Comparative Public Administration. (3-0) A survey of the field of Public Administration that will emphasize those aspects of administration that are common to all administrative systems. (May be used to satisfy Group IV requirements.)

(WI) 3328 Public Finance Administration. (3-0) This course focuses on the planning, organization, and implementation of budgeting at all levels of government. It includes an examination of the fundamentals of budgeting, fund accounting, auditing, and debt management in the public sector. In addition, it will cover taxation and tax administration. Prerequisites: Political Science 1309 and 2310.

4302 Legal Theories and Research. (3-0) This course examines the American Legal System at both the state and federal levels involving civil and criminal procedure. Emphasis is on the process of these systems and the framework within which disputes are resolved. Students will become familiar with legal research methods so as to better understand the composition of legal options.

4303 Civil Law in American Society. (3-0) This course considers the structure and functions of government together with the law regulating private social relations, i.e., contract law, property law, tort law, and the causal relations between legal policies and societal goals and regulations.

4304 Issues in Law and Public Policy. (3-0) This course examines contemporary legal issues by focusing on their relationship to public policy. Selected topics will vary, i.e., AIDS, abortion, affirmative action/reverse discrimination, capital punishment, environmental protection, euthanasia, and surrogate motherhood. In connection with these controversial issues we will address: (1) alternative views; (2) social consequences; and, (3) political responses to and legal issues resulting from alternative positions.

(WI) 4311 The Supreme Court and the Judicial Process. (3-0) An intensive examination of the judiciary, focusing upon the politics of judicial selection and the decision-making process of the judiciary as well as the position of the judiciary in the entire political process. Prerequisite: Political Science 3310 or 3311, or equivalent.

(WI) 4322 Public Policy Formulation. (3-0) Intensive analysis of theories and processes of both policy formation and policy enforcement in the American administrative system, emphasizing the regulatory function. Prerequisite: Political Science 1309 and 2310.

(WI) 4361 Administrative Law. (3-0) Course stresses the legal principles and practical doctrines involved in the work of administrative tribunals vested with quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial powers or both. Primary focus on development, practice, and procedures of federal administrative agencies.

Group IV-Comparative Government

(WI) 4313 Islamic Law and Politics. (3-0) This course is a study of the law, origins, development, divisions, and politics of Islam. Special emphasis will be given to law, political thought, history, and the culture of the Middle East. Topics covered include Muslim law and political institutions, the Arab and Persian roles in Islam; the Islamic Community as a political system; major points of the Islamic faith and their political significance and the political and historical significance of Muslim mysticism. (This course may be used to satisfy Group I requirements.)

(WI) 4314 Middle East Revolution and Nationalism. (3-0) The focus of this course is revolution and nationalism in the modern Middle East with a special emphasis on the Persian, Egyptian, and Turkish experiences. These three cases are studied in the light of general theoretical literature on revolution and nationalism. Additional attention is given to political developments after the revolutionary periods. In each case in relation to theoretical literature on "traditional," "modernizing autocracy," "mobilization," and "conventional" political systems.

(WI) 4338 Government and Politics of Latin America. (3.0) A comparative analysis of political systems in Latin America, examining the impact of sociocultural and economic factors on political attitudes and behaviors. Special emphasis on Mexico, Cuba, and Brazil.

(WI) 4340 Government and Politics of Western Europe. (3-0) An in-depth analysis of the political systems of the countries of Western Europe with special emphasis on Great Britain, France, Italy, and West Germany.

(WI) 4341 Government and Politics of Russia. (3-0) A comprehensive study of the domestic and foreign policy of the former Soviet Union, examined both historically and analytically.

4349 Topics in Comparative Politics. (3-0) Topics in Comparative Politics will address political concepts in specific countries or areas of the world in a comparative context. The course will examine how political ideas and culture, governmental institutions, political parties, interest groups, and external influences affect the area studies.

(WI) 4350 Government and Politics of Asia. (3-0) A critical analysis of political development in the nations of Far East and South Asia, concentrating on China, Japan, and India.

(WI) 4351 African Politics. (3-0) A comprehensive examination of politics in Africa.

4372 Government and Politics of Central and Eastern Europe. (3-0) An historical and comparative examination of the states of Central and Eastern Europe emphasizing the changing nature of these states as well as their political and economic systems.

Group V-International Relations

(WI) 4315 The Arab-Israeli Conflict. (3-0) A study of the origins, development, and ramifications of the conflict between Israel and its opponents-the Palestinians and the Arab states of the Middle East. Special emphasis on the history and development of Zionism and Palestinian nationalism. Additional topics covered include: American and Soviet relations with Israel, the Arab states, and the Palestinians, the role of "diaspora Jews," and the Jewish and Muslim or religious dimensions of the conflict.

(WI) 4326 Issues in World Politics. (3-0) This course is designed to acquaint the student with major issues in world politics and major concepts in international relations and comparative politics.

(WI) 4327 Theories of International Politics. (3-0) This course focuses on theories and concepts in the study of international relations. Major theoretical works and illustrative case studies will be critically examined.

(WI) 4356 International Law. (3-0) This course will examine the nature, sources, and development of international law as both a legal and political process. Areas to be studied include: The law of treaties, acquisition of personality, territorial jurisdiction, the law of the sea, land and air, diplomatic immunities, nationality, state responsibility, human rights, and the law of war. Students will do research on contemporary international problems and participate in a Moot International Court of Justice (ICJ) proceeding. (May be used to satisfy Group III requirements.)

(WI) 4357 International Organization. (3-0) This course will examine the historical roots of international organizations, the development of the League of Nations, and the evolution of the United Nations System. The nature, process, and function of contemporary international organization will be analyzed. The role of non-governmental organizations, transnational organizations, and multi-national corporations will be assessed. The course will include a mix of lecture, discussion, and model sessions.

(WI) 4358 United States-Latin American Relations. (3-0) Examinations of general policies, problems, and attitudes, together with detailed analysis of United States relations with selected countries.

(WI) 4359 Politics of International Economic Relations. (3-0) This course examines the institutional structure of interstate economic relations, trade and monetary regimes, foreign investment, foreign aid and development policies of governments.

General Upper Level Courses

The following courses may be used to satisfy a requirement in any of the preceding groups, if specified on the degree outline.

(WI) *4379 Independent Study. (3-0) Independent reading and/or research on various problem areas of political science. Specific problem area, bibliography, and study paper outline will be approved by instructor.

**4380  Internship in Government. (3-0) The student will participate in the ongoing work of a selected governmental unit. A research paper dealing with the internship experience written under the direction of a faculty member will be required. This course may be repeated one time for additional internship credit.

4680 Internship in Government. (6-0) The student will participate full time (40 hours per week) in the ongoing work of selected governmental units. A research paper dealing with the internship experience written under direction of a faculty member will be required.

(WI) 4398 Practicum in Political Science: Concepts, Resources, and Applications in the Study of Politics. (3-0) This course is designed to assure familiarity with the basic concepts and approaches used in the study of politics. Students will learn to identify, locate, and employ resources to assist in understanding politics at local, state, national, and international levels. Model Congress or U.N., visits to local government offices and councils, moot court, critiques of political propaganda films, and simulations in international relations are some of the applied methods of studying politics which students will learn. This course is required of all B.A. with a teaching certificate in Political Science majors and may be taken as an elective by all other students.

(WI) 4399 Senior Seminar in Political Science. (3-0) A seminar devoted to intensive reading, research, writing, and discussion which focuses on different sub-fields in the discipline of Political Science taught by appropriate faculty. Students in consultation with faculty in their area of interest should select a particular sub-field seminar in accordance with their needs and professional objectives. These seminars are required of all B.A. Political Science majors and must be taken in the student's junior or senior year of undergraduate study. Other interested students may take the course with the consent of the Department Chair and the individual instructor. Course may be repeated with different instructor and approval of Department Chair. Prerequisites for the Senior Seminar are all of the core courses in Political Science or approval of the Department Chair.

Recognition of Student Scholarship

The Annual Professor Henderson Award: The Department of Political Science annually presents the Professor Henderson Award to the graduating Political Science major with the highest overall grade point average (the awardee may be either a December or May graduate of the current academic year). The award has the purpose of recognizing and honoring a student of Political Science who has, as a student at SWT, displayed academic excellence and character in the tradition and values cherished and exhibited by Richard B. Henderson, Professor Emeritus.

The Howard M. "Prof" Greene Award: This award honors an academic mentor in politics to Lyndon B. Johnson and thousands of other SWT alumni and goes to one or more graduating Political Science majors who have earned overall grade point averages of 3.9 or above.

Interested students who believe they may be eligible for these awards should consult with the Department Chair.

For course descriptions, and further information about available graduate offerings, please consult the Graduate Bulletin.